The book begins with Marjane's childhood in Tehran, where she is a spirited and curious girl coming to terms with the complexities of her family's history and the sociopolitical climate of Iran. After the Islamic Revolution, Marjane witnesses firsthand the oppressive regime that comes to power, which imposes strict rules, especially on women. Through her eyes, readers see how her family navigates the changing landscape, including censorship and the impacts of war.

Marjane's journey is marked by her deep connection to her family, especially her parents and grandmother, who instill in her a sense of resilience and the importance of cultural identity. As she matures, she grapples with her sense of self, her Iranian identity versus the influences of Western culture, and the loss of innocence amid turmoil.

The graphic novel explores themes of identity, politics, oppression, and personal growth, ultimately highlighting the spirit of resistance against authoritarianism.